Introduction: Depression and anxiety are well recognized predictors for a poor outcome in coronary artery disease and heart failure. The objectives of this study are to evaluate whether the ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) improve the psychological factors such as type-D personality, anxiety or depression and whether these psychological factors are predictive of recurrence of AF after ablation. Methods: 180 AF patients who underwent RFCA were investigated. The patients completed questionnaires of the Type-D Scale-14 (DS14), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and abbreviated version of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-BREF) scale before ablation. These questionnaires were reassessed 6 months later. Results: 1) The AF recurrence rate in the patients with type-D personality (34.4%) was not different from that in the patients without type-D personality (21.2% vs. 19.4%, p>0.05), but QoL improved only in the patients with type-D personality (from 2.71짹0.43 to 2.92짹0.49, p=0.001). 2) The patients with anxiety (41.7%) were not associated with recurrence of AF after ablation (21.0% vs. 20.0%, p>0.05). But, STAI state score improved after ablation (from 51.8짹6.7 to 43.9짹11.2, p<0.001) and QoL improved (from 2.73짹0.49 to 2.96짹0.59, p<0.001) only in the patients with anxiety. 3) The patients with depression (20.6%) were associated with recurrence of AF after ablation (38.5% vs. 21.6%, p=0.81). But, CES-D score improved after ablation (from 27.7짹5.4 to 19.3짹12.6, p=0.007) and QoL improved (from 2.46짹0.44 to 2.78짹0.64, p=0.001) only in the patients with depression. Conclusions: The recurrence of AF after ablation was associated with specific personal characteristics, i.e., depression with borderline statistical significance. The effect of successful ablation of AF was predominant in patients with anxiety or depression. The QoL was improved only in the patients who had such psychological factors.