Background: Depression and anxiety are widely recognized predictors for a poor outcome in coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the ablation of AF improve the psychological factors and quality of life and whether type-D personality and anxious or depressive mood are predictive of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation. Methods: 201 AF patients (male:female=164:37, 54.712.5 years old) who were hospitalized for ablation were investigated. The patients completed questionnaires of the Type-D Scale-14 (DS14), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and abbreviated version of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-BREF) scale before ablation. DS-14, STAI state scale, CES-D, WHOQoL-BREF were reassessed at 6 months after ablation. Results: 1. The patients with type-D personality (n=66, 32.8%) did not show higher recurrence of AF (15.2% vs. 13.3%, P>0.05), but they displayed much improvement of QoL (0.22짹0.30 vs. -0.01짹0.42, P=0.001) than the patients without type-D personality after ablation. 2. The patients with greater anxiety (n=120, 59.7%) were not associated with recurrence of AF (15.8% vs. 11.1%, P>0.05), but their QoL (0.18짹0.37 vs. -0.10짹0.38, P=0.002) was more improved than the patients with lesser anxiety. The STAI state score improved after ablation only in patients with higher level of anxiety (from 49.69짹7.16 to 42.78짹10.50, P<0.001). 3. The depressed patients (n=42, 20.9%) were not associated with recurrence of AF (21.4% vs. 11.9%, P>0.05), but their QoL (0.26짹0.30 vs. 0.01짹0.41, P=0.013) was more improved than non-depressed patients. The CES-D score improved after ablation only in the depressed patients (from 28.11짹5.18 to 18.21짹10.12, P<0.001). Conclusion: The recurrence of AF after catheter ablation was not associated with type-D personality, anxiety or depression. However, the effect of AF ablation on the QoL was significantly higher in the patients with type-D personality, higher level of anxiety and depression.