Background: Prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) is known to be associated with the increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, it is uncertain whether the prolonged QTc is related to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in general population without cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the association of prolonged QTc and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean population with no history of cardiovascular disease or other chronic disease affecting QTc interval.
Methods: We enrolled 10,965 company employees undergoing annual medical examination. We excluded the subjects with history of cardiovascular disease or chronic illness affecting QTc interval. We also excluded the subjects who had taken any kind of drugs within 7 days before ECG recording and the subjects with inappropriate ECGs for QTc analysis. Bazett’s formula was used for QT correction.
Results: Finally 9,206 subjects (female: 472, 5.1%) were included. The subjects with QTc >440ms were older and had higher heart rate, and included more female compared to those with shorter QTc (p<0.001). However, serum electrolytes, hs-CRP, LDL and HDL were not different between groups. Blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose (FBS), gamma-GTP, triglyceride, body mass index, presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were significantly higher in the subjects with QTc >440ms than those with shorter QTc (P<0.001). We used propensity score matching. After adjusting heart rate, age and sex, we compared 507 matched pairs. Elevated BP, FBS, gamma-GTP and the presence of MetS were associated with the QTc interval >440ms (P<0.001). Elevated BP, FBS and gamma-GTP increased the risk of QTc prolongation >440ms (Table).
Conclusion: QTc interval >440ms is associated with well-known cardiovascular risk factors. This suggests that the prolonged QTc interval may be useful in prediction of cardiovascular events in subjects with no cardiovascular disease.
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