Objective: Although the major role of statins is to reduce low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), they are also reported to have a variety of beyond-LDL-C lowering effects. The aim of this study was to compare these effects of two different statin regimens that have equivalent LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering efficacy on the markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, and thrombosis. Methods: After a 4-week dietary lead-in period, 80 hypercholeserolemic patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups for 8 weeks: atorvastatin 20 mg (group 1), or atorvastatin/ezetimibe 5/5 mg (group 2). At drug treatment week 8, we compared the percent change in the conventional lipid parameters, IL-6, MCP-1, Lp-PLA2, VEGF, sFlt-1, and fibrinogen from baseline. Results: Sixty-six patients completed the study. Although the percent changes in LDL-C were equivalent among the two groups, the percent reduction in the IL-6 was significantly greater in the group 1 than in the group 2 (-17 짹 38 vs 6 짹 40%, p=0.02). No difference in percent change was seen in MCP-1. The percent change of Lp-PLA2 was slightly different between the two groups, but this was not statistically significant (-9 짹 67 vs 30 짹 113%, p=0.14). VEGF increased in the group 1 significantly greater than in the group 2 (185 짹 334 vs 77 짹 256%, p=0.03), whereas the percent change of sFlt-1 was not different between two groups. There was no difference between the groups in the percent change of fibrinogen. All regimens were generally well tolerated during the study. Conclusions: Higher dose atorvastatin was more efficacious in lowering inflammatory markers and raising VEGF than lower dose atorvastatin/ezetimibe. Our study suggests that equivalent reduction of LDL-C with higher dose atorvastatin may have differential effects on vascular inflammation and angiogenesis.