Adult stem cells mobilized in bone marrow can contribute to myocardial regeneration after ischemic injury. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between stem cells mobilized into peripheral blood and inflammatory and mobilizing cytokines in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were isolated on day 0, 1 and 7 from patients with AMI (n=21) and healthy controls (n=21). The number of CD117+ (708±240/ml vs. 2,986±1,903/ml), CD133+ (776±248/ml vs. 1,629±656/ml), c-met+ (913±379/ml vs. 1,491±713/ml) and CXCR4+ (998±351/ml vs. 1,503±776/ml) cells was significantly higher on day 1 in AMI patients than in healthy subjects, whereas the number of CD34+ cells on day 0 in AMI patients (400±98/ml) was significantly lower compared with control (923±207/ml). Real-time RT-PCR was performed for detection of markers of pluripotent stem cells (Oct4, Nanog), hematopoietic stem/endothelial cells (Ang-1, CD31, Flt-1, Tie-2, VE-cadherin) in PBMNCs. Oct4 and Nanog mRNA were increased 1.4 to 6.7 times in AMI patients compared with controls. The mRNA levels for Ang-1, Flt-1 and Tie-2 were significantly decreased 2.9 to 8.3 times in AMI patients compared with controls. The mRNA levels for CD31 and VE-cad were increased 3.8 to 11.4 times in AMI patients. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory marker were significantly higher 4.3 to 13.3 times for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 24.6 to 78.3 times for C-reactive protein (CRP) in AMI patients, whereas IL-10 levels were significantly higher on day 1 in AMI patients compared to control. SDF-1 alpha levels were decreased from 61% to 79% in AMI patients than in control subjects, whereas VEGF levels were decreased to 26% on day 0 in AMI patients, but peaking on day 1 and lowering to baseline on day 7. In the present study, we have demonstrated that pluripotent stem cell markers and endothelial markers CD31 and VE-cadherin were highly expressed in PBMNCs of patient with AMI, whereas expression of Ang-1, Flt-1 and Tie-2 was significantly decreased. CD117+, CD133+, c-met+ and CXCR4+ stem cells mobilized into the peripheral blood of patients with AMI were strongly correlated to the cytokines CRP and IL-6 and SDF-1 alpha.
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