Background: The leve of the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a strong predictor of mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome and may be a strong prognostic marker in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. Objectives: We investigated whether NT-proBNP can predict in-stent restenosis (ISR) in asymptomatic patients with preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results: We measured serum NT-proBNP level in 424 asymptomatic patients (60.5짹9.5 years, male 71.9%) with normal cardiac enzymes, negative stress test, and preserved LV systolic function (ejection fraction > 50 %) who underwent follow-up coronary angiography. The initial diagnosis of patients are stable angina 80 (18.7%), unstable angina 218 (51.5%) , and myocardial infarction 126 (29.8%). The baseline characteristics including baseline angiographic findings and use of medication after PCI between the groups with ISR (n=153) and without ISR (n=271) are similar. The level of NT-proBNP was higher in patients with ISR than that without ISR (167.6짹180.8 vs. 83.5짹121.1 pg/mL, p <0.001). In ISR group, NT-proBNP level was no differences between the initial diagnosis in patients with previous myocardial infarction (n=49, 213.7짹205.1 pg/mL) than in that with stable angina (n=28, 140.9짹178.3 pg/mL) or unstable angina (n=76, 150.2짹164.7 pg/mL), and distribution of target vessel in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ISR (n=82, 168.4짹176.6 pg/mL) than in that with right coronary arterty (RCA) ISR (n=37, 199.9짹222.6 pg/mL) or left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) ISR (n=35, 130.0짹137.6 pg/mL). The NT-proBNP level positively correlated with late loss of stent. In multivariate analysis, the NT-proBNP was an independent predictor for ISR. Conclusion: NT-proBNP could be a predictor of ISR in asymptomatic patients with preserved LV systolic function.