Background : The incidence and frequency of specific types of congenital heart disease (CHD) vary according to the ethnic group and eco-social environment. The increasing use of fetal echocardiography in certain communities also leads to therapeutic abortion for complex heart diseases, and can substantially reduce the incidence of specific lesions or the total incidence. This study was designed to determine the incidence of CHD, estimate its true value, and provide data about the frequency of specific types of CHD. Methods: We reviewed the echocardiographic report with/without operation record of 32,466 patients, who had been or newly diagnosed as CHD, admitted to 28 pediatric cardiology centers retrospectively from 2005 to 2007. Inclusion criteria of CHD classification had specific lesions except bicuspid aortic valves, atrial septal defect (<5mm) and patent ductus arteriosus in neonatal period. The total incidence and the proportions of different CHDs have been estimated. Results : The incidence of CHD in different age groups varies from about 2.4/1,000 to 3.8/1,000 live births. The relative frequency of different major forms of CHD is 34.9% in ventricular septal defect, 18.8% in atrial septal defect, 10.0% in patent ductus arteriosus, 8.4% in tetralogy of Fallot, and 7.0% in pulmonary stenosis. The proportions of pulmonary atresia, dextrocardia, corrected transposition of great arteries, total and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, heterotaxia syndrome, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, truncus arteriosus, and vascular rings were relatively rare( < 2 %). Patent ductus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot were more frequent, and left obstructive lesions were less than several studies of different ethnicity, especially Caucasians. Conclusions: The total incidence and frequency of individual major forms of CHD were examined retrospectively. The most common type of CHD was ventricular septal defect(38.8%). Designing prospective studies for incidence of CHD is needed.