Background: Arterial calcification is common among subjects with osteoporosis, and the degree of arterial calcification is inversely related to bone mineral density (BMD). Although arterial calcification occurs during atherosclerosis and is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), the independent association between BMD and CAD is unclear. Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether BMD is associated with CAD independently from traditional coronary risk factors and whether this association persists after adjustment for arterial calcification. Methods and Results: We consecutively recruited 120 CAD patients (male 65, 58.8짹11.4 years) and 120 controls without CAD, matched for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking status, menopause and hormone therapy (in women). A 64-slice multidetector computed tomography was used to define CAD, measure calcium scores in the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta, and estimate BMD from T10 to T12. BMD was significantly lower and the prevalence and scores of coronary arterial calcification (CAC) and aortic calcification (AC) were significantly higher in patients with CAD than in controls. In both groups, BMD showed significant inverse correlation with arterial calcifications and the absolute correlation value was higher with AC than with CAC. The odds ratio (OR) of patients in the lower tertile of BMD for CAD was 2.03 (95% CI 1.08-3.81), but it was attenuated (OR 1.53, 95% CI 0.73-3.18) when an adjustment was made for CAC and AC. Conclusions: BMD is associated with CAD independently from traditional risk factors. This association is, however, likely based on correlation between BMD and arterial calcification