박형욱, 고점석, 이민구, 심두선, 박근호, 윤남식, 윤현주, 홍영준, 김주한, 안영근, 정명호, 조정관, 박종춘, 강정채 |
Background: The right ventricular (RV) apex has been used for cardiac stimulation because this position is easily accessible and associated with a low dislodgement rate. This position, however, is associated with a dyssynchronous left ventricular contraction with subsequent deleterious hemodynamic effects. Alternative stimulation sites have been studied because of a potentially better hemodynamic effect compared with RV apex pacing. The purpose of this study is to compare RV outflow tract (or basal septum) with RV mid-septum on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic dyssynchrony.
Subjects and Methods: We divided 37 patients into 2 groups - group I (RV mid-septal pacing, 25, M:F=16:9, 63±14 years) and group II (RV outflow or basal septal pacing, 12, M:F=8:4, 64±12 years). RV septum was divided into 3 sites from base to apex with right anterior oblique view during implantation of pacemaker. QRS duration at 12 lead ECG was measured just after implantation and at 1 year follow up. Echocardiographic dyssynchrony index (septal to posterior wall motion delay, septal lateral wall motion delay, preejection time difference), left ventricular dimension, ejection fraction were compared.
Results: There were no differences in age, sex, indication of implantation of pacemaker was not different (sick sinus syndrome- 11 vs 7, AV block higher than 2nd degree – 14 vs 5, p=1.000, 0.495) between the 2 groups. Capture threshold, R wave sensitivity was not different between the 2 groups. QRS duration just after implantation and at 1 year follow-up was not different between the 2 groups at limb and precordial leads. There were no differences in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic, left atrial dimension, left ventricular ejection fraction just after implantation (52±6 vs 48±8 mm, 34±6 vs 32±7 mm, 41±7 vs 37±5 mm, 63±11 vs 64±7%: p=0.129, 0.400, 0.091, 0.881) and 1 year follow up (53±7 vs 49±7 mm, 36±9 vs 36±10 mm, 43±10 vs 38±4 mm, 60±12 vs 59±13% : p=0.335, 0.893, 0.163, 0.758). There were no differences in septal to posterior wall motion delay, septal to lateral wall motion delay, pre-ejection time difference between the 2 groups just after implantation (78±19 vs 57±17 ms, 58±30 vs 65±30 ms, 35±22 vs 14±20 ms: p=0.099, 0.743, 0.160) and 1 year follow up (64±15 vs 59±11 ms, 56±28 vs 60±37 ms, 35±24 vs 37±25 ms: p=0.802, 0.423, 0.408).
Conclusion: This study indicates no significant difference between the RV outflow tract and mid-septal pacing site in terms of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic dyssynchrony. These pacing sites equally may be considered valid alternative for RV apex pacing particularly in patients with impaired left ventricular function.
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