Introduction : Although it is considered that arterial remodeling play an important part in post-angioplastic restenosis after stenting, the mechanism is not well known. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of inflammation on neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) depending on remodeling pattern (positive or intermediate: PR/IR, negative: NR) after implantation of DES. Method : We performed PCI with a single DES in 88 stable angina patients (61 men; 61.4짹10.2 years of age; PR/IR group, n=62). Plasma hs-CRP levels were determined before PCI and at 24, 72 hours after PCI. Angiography and IVUS study were performed at pre, post PCI and at 9 months after PCI. Results : At pre-intervention, the external elastic membrane (EEM) CSA (18.7짹5.4 vs 12.9짹3.7 mm2, p=0.001), plaque plus media CSA (17.0짹4.0 vs 10.3짹3.5 mm2, p=0.001), plaque burden (85.8짹5.0 vs 81.8짹7.3 %, p=0.048) and NIH volume (20.3짹21.7 vs 4.8짹9.9 mm3, p=0.000) at follow-up were significantly larger in the PR/IR group rather than NR group. A significant positive correlation was found between pre-interventional RI and follow-up NIH volume (r=0.426, p=0.000). Although plasma hs-CRP levels at baseline were not different between both groups, plasma hs-CRP levels at 24 hours (8.73짹8.57 vs 4.12짹3.42 mg/L, p=0.033) and 72 hours (8.63짹6.88 vs 5.03짹3.30 mg/L, p=0.042) after PCI were higher in PR/IR group rather than NR group. Conclusions : In DES era, as with the BMS, pre-interventional arterial remodeling also influenced the development of NIH and pre-interventional RI correlated with follow-up in-stent NIH. Compared to NR group, increased inflammation in PR/IR group after implantation of DES may contribute to increase NIH.