Purpose: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) can be used to provide hemodynamic stability in a wide variety of clinical settings including cardiopulmonary arrest. We reviewed a single center experience with performing PCPS during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and postresuscitation care to determine the result of CPR with PCPS and the prognostic factors for survival. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 83 patients with cardiopulmonary arrest who received PCPS during CPR or within at least 6 hours immediately after CPR from January 2004 to December 2007. Venoarterial bypass system was used in all the cases with femoral cannulation. Results: The mean duration of CPR was 37.2짹26.4 min and the mean time interval from CPR to PCPS insertion was 73.1짹107.9 min. The mean duration of PCPS was 73.4짹110.6 hours. Of the 83 patients, 48 patients underwent PCPS during CPR before recovery of spontaneous circulation and 35 patients received it during postresuscitation care for hemodynamic support. Forty-eight patients (57.8%) were successfully weaned off of the PCPS and 34 patients (41.0%) were discharged from the hospital. Among survivors, 29 patients (34.9%) had no neurologic deficit. In multivariate regression analysis, the duration of CPR and defibrillation of pulseless ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation before PCPS were significant prognostic factors for survival (p=0.007 and p=0.015, respectively). In the subgroup analysis of the 48 patients who received PCPS before conventional CPR successfully resuscitated them, the duration of CPR that was equal to the time interval from CPR to PCPS insertion was also a significant factor between survivors and nonsurvivors (p=0.011) and the survival rate was 27.1%. Conclusion: The duration of CPR is already known to be very important for survival. Application of PCPS in CPR can shorten the duration of it and maintain hemodynamic stability. Therefore, PCPS can be used as a good resuscitative tool in CPR and postresuscitation care with an acceptable survival rate and outcome although conventional measures fail.