Backgrounds PWV (Pulse wave velocity) is a marker of aortic stiffness and is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Arterial stiffness is also an important concern in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this study is to compare arterial stiffness between age, sex, renal replacement duration, Blood pressure (BP) matched continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods A total of forty patients(63.7 % of male, mean age ; 57 짹13.2) with ESRD and nomal systolic function were enrolled (CAPD ; 21, HD ; 19). In HD patients, PWV and Echocardiography were performed 1 hr after dialysis (midweek dialysis session) and in CAPD patients those were performed with empty of dialysate. Results PWV was significantly different between two groups (HD; 1809 짹 283.4 cm/sec, CAPD; 1582 짹 301.6 cm/sec , p < 0.001) but augmentation index (AI) was not significantly different. Multiple linear regression analysis for PWV revealed significant independent association with dialysis modality(HD vs CAPD, beta = 0.368, p = 0.020) and systolic BP (beta = 0.407, p = 0.009) with correction of age, diabetes, systolic BP, medication. Ejection fraction, Left atrial volume index (LAVI) and E/E��� were not significantly different between two groups.Conclusions This study showed that HD may be associated with more increased arterial stiffness.