Background: Statins are effective lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory agents, and imaging studies have demonstrated their ability to slow progression and promote regression of atherosclerosis. However, few studies performed to date have used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to examine the effects of statin therapy on the inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) in normocholesterolemic patients. Methods: This study included 80 normocholesterolemic patients who underwent intravascular ultrasound study (IVUS)-guided stenting for angiographically significant stenosis. Patients were divided into two groups according to statin therapy (simvastatin group; n=42, 58.7짹10.3 years, male 74%, non-simvastatin group; n=38, 57.8짹10.8 years, male 78%). 20 mg simvastatin was given to statin group. 6-month follow-up quantitative coronary angiography and IVUS data were analyzed. Results: At 6-month after stenting, binary in-stent restenosis (ISR) was present in 19% of statin group and in 21.1% of non-statin group and repeat revascularization was performed in 16.7% in statin group and 18.4% in non-statin group (p=NS). NIH did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (1.9 짹 0.8 vs 2.1 짹 0.9 mm2) and the remodeling index was significantly higher in the statin group than that in the non-statin group (1.04짹0.45 vs. 0.97짹0.37, p=0.035) at 6-month follow-up. Major adverse cardiac events at 12 months were present in 21.4% of simvastatin group and 26.3% of non-simvastatin group. Conclusion: In normocholesterolemic patients undergoing coronary stenting, low-dose simvastatin therapy does not reduce ISR and does not inhibit intimal hyperplasia, but it induces positive remodeling of vascular segments containing atherosclerotic plaques after coronary stent implantation.