Purpose:In dialysis patients, cardiovascular mortality is 10 to 20 times higher than in the general population. The increased arterial stiffness in end-stage renal disease(ESRD) patients is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. We evaluated arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic markers in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis(HD) or peritoneal dialysis(PD) and without. Methods:We enrolled 14 HD patients(mean dialysis duration 19.6 mo), 14 PD(mean dialysis duration 26.1 mo), 14 ESRD prior to initiation of dialysis and 27 age-sex matched control. We measured central pulse pressure, plasma homocysteine, serum C-reactive protein, left ventricle mass index, aortic pulse wave velocity(PWV), and augmentation index of central artery pressure. Results:ESRD patients treated with and without dialysis had more increased arterial stiffness and advanced atherosclerosis compared with controls. However, there was no difference of arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic markers according to before and after dialysis treatment and dialysis modality in ESRD patients. In a multiple regression model, PWV in ESRD patients was explained by only plasma homocysteine(��=0.40;p=0.013). Conclusions:The atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in ESRD patients may not be affected by dialysis treatment and dialysis modality. In ESRD patients, plasma homocysteine is independently associated to arterial stiffness.