Background : Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an indicator of arterial stiffness, especially in the aorta, and a marker for vascular damage. Smoking was reported to increase an arterial stiffness. We examined the acute effect of smoking on arterial stiffness by measuring brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) using Oscillometric method. Method : All healthy male subjects (chronic smokers, n=14, 30.3 years old vs. non-smokers, n=12, 28.2 yeas old) smoked 2 cigarette (nicotine 2.4 mg) within 10 minutes and measured blood pressure, heart rate and baPWV using Oscillometry (VP 1000, Colin co. Japan) at baseline, 5, 15, 30, 45,and 60 min and compared with controls (n=10, male: 8). Results : Smoking increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, significantly at 5 min in both chronic smokers and nonsmokers (from 123.2짹12.2 to 128.1짹11.3, 68.2 짹7.8 to 72.7짹8.3, 62.2짹8.1 to 74.3짹10.1, vs. from 120.2짹11.2 to 126.2짹13.3, 66.1 짹7.3 to 71.7짹6.3, 64.2짹4.1 to 72.3짹8.3 respectively, p<0.001) and returned to baseline level at 15 min. PWV increased significantly in both chronic smokers and nonsmokers at 5 min (2.1-17.3 % vs. 1.1-12.7 %, respectively) and remained higher for 30 min (p<0.001). This effect was more prominent in chronic smokers than non-smokers. Conclusion : The acute effect of cigarette smoking in healthy male smokers and nonsmokers showed an increase in BP, heart rate and PWV related to aortic stiffness, suggesting a deleterious effect on cardiovascular system.