Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and the effectiveness of a stent-graft for the treatment of aortic dissections.
Methods: Forty-six patients (acute phase in 9 cases, subacute 13, chronic 24) with aortic dissection underwent stent-graft treatment, and reviewed retrospectively. Indications of stent-graft placement for aortic dissection were type A with retrograde dissection and an entry tear located in the descending thoracic aorta, dynamic obstruction of the abdominal aortic branch arteries, persistent or recurrent pain, aortic rupture, an aortic diameter greater than 40 mm in the acute phase, and greater than 60 mm in the chronic phase.
Results: Endovascular stent-graft deployment was technically successful in 44 of 46 (95.6%) patients. Clinical success with exclusion of entry tear was achieved in 39 of 46 (84.7%) patients. Follow-up was performed at least 12 month, ranging from 12 to 96 months (mean, 34 months). In acute and subacute phase, 73.6% of patients showed complete resolution of thoracic false lumen, and 15.7% showed reduction in size of thoracic false lumen. In chronic phase, 36.3% of patients showed complete resolution of thoracic false lumen and 50% showed reduction in its size. Enlargement of abdominal aortic false lumen due to persistent flow into re-entry tear(s) occurred in three of 23 (13%) chronic phase patients. Complications included transient renal failure in three patients, pseudoaneurysm at puncture site in two, guide wire induced new intimal tear in one, and stent-induced saccular aneurysm development in two who treated during the acute and subacute phase.
Conclusions: Stent-graft treatment is a feasible and effective treatment modality in aortic dissection. However, close follow-up is mandatory for new intimal tear, saccular aneurysms, or enlargement of abdominal aortic false lumen.
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